The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Prospects and Challenges in Palestine

The first industrial revolution was based on the energy of water and steam engines for the production of mechanics. The invention of James Watt in 1775 contributed to the expansion of industry in the 19th century from england to Europe and the United States. The second industrial revolution was based on electric power to create mass production, it began in the early 20th century, with the creations of Henry Ford, the mass production line, and by the end of the last century the third industrial revolution began, where microelectronics, computer power in manufacturing, used electronics and information technology to automate production. The Fourth Industrial Revolution, based on the Third Industrial Revolution, began in the middle of the last century. It is characterized by a combination of technologies that intersect the physical, digital and biological lines. Robots have taken upon themselves the difficult and dangerous physical tasks in order to maintain the safety of the plant and the comfort of the workers and product quality.